太陽能及多能源綜合管理遠程監控系統實際案例
文章來(lai)源:中國(guo)安防網
太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光熱(re)(re)(re)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)是迄(qi)今為(wei)止最(zui)環保的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)方式(shi),因此受(shou)到(dao)世界各國政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大力(li)推介。而太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)水工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)作為(wei)其最(zui)直接和(he)高效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)形式(shi),加上政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大力(li)推動,發(fa)展(zhan)迅(xun)猛,尤(you)其是在(zai)(zai)(zai)中國,受(shou)到(dao)了眾(zhong)多設(she)計和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認可。據統(tong)計,太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)熱(re)(re)(re)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2012年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長率超(chao)過50%。但是,隨(sui)著行業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迅(xun)猛發(fa)展(zhan),各種(zhong)問題陸續出(chu)現,同(tong)時使(shi)用(yong)(yong)單位(wei)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求也越來越高。由于熱(re)(re)(re)水工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是一個包括了太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)備(bei)、輔助能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)設(she)備(bei)、儲存設(she)備(bei),輸送管(guan)路、水泵管(guan)件(jian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)各種(zhong)輸入輸出(chu)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合系(xi)統(tong),具有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜性,如何使(shi)各種(zhong)設(she)備(bei)協調并高效運行,同(tong)時方便工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)售后人(ren)員進(jin)行日常管(guan)理維(wei)護和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)統(tong)計及(ji)(ji)(ji)分析,可以說是太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)水工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)未來幾(ji)年內普(pu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)被更多商業(ye)(ye)(ye)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)接受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至關重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)。這個因素(su)被執行得成(cheng)功與否(fou)更多取(qu)決于太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)。但控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)整個熱(re)(re)(re)水工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中所占成(cheng)本比(bi)例(li)很(hen)小,同(tong)時行業(ye)(ye)(ye)起步較晚、產業(ye)(ye)(ye)層次(ci)不(bu)(bu)高,因而一直沒有(you)被重(zhong)視(shi),導致現有(you)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)含量不(bu)(bu)高,絕大多數產品都需要在(zai)(zai)(zai)現場進(jin)行操控(kong)(kong)管(guan)理。基本沒有(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠進(jin)行遠程(cheng)監控(kong)(kong)和(he)維(wei)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),涉(she)及(ji)(ji)(ji)到(dao)財(cai)務分析的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更是罕見。
隨著太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)熱水(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)(cheng)在國(guo)內日益(yi)普(pu)及(ji),太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)廠家和工程(cheng)(cheng)集成商(shang)安(an)裝的工程(cheng)(cheng)項目越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多,跨(kua)地區(qu)施(shi)工非(fei)常普(pu)遍(bian)。在工程(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)日后維護中(zhong),能(neng)(neng)夠方便快捷,同時(shi)維護多個項目,以及(ji)能(neng)(neng)夠在異(yi)地進(jin)(jin)行(xing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)置、修改,并(bing)快速進(jin)(jin)行(xing)故障(zhang)排查和鎖定,是熱水(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)高效(xiao)(xiao)運行(xing)的保(bao)證,也(ye)是廠家和集成商(shang)贏得客戶(hu)信任的重(zhong)要因素(su)。同時(shi),對于系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的使用方來(lai)說,能(neng)(neng)夠不(bu)受(shou)空間(jian)、時(shi)間(jian)的限(xian)制隨時(shi)對系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)查看和設(she)置,也(ye)是提升管(guan)理效(xiao)(xiao)率的重(zhong)要因素(su)。此外,對于國(guo)內正在興起的合同能(neng)(neng)源管(guan)理(EMC)業務模式,如果(guo)能(neng)(neng)夠無需在現場安(an)置人(ren)員,能(neng)(neng)夠遠(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)監管(guan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),并(bing)且系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)動統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)、分析能(neng)(neng)耗情況(kuang),并(bing)自(zi)動生成報表,則可(ke)以大大節省人(ren)工費(fei)用。
另外(wai)(wai),采用樓宇(yu)自(zi)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(BAS)作(zuo)為(wei)現(xian)代(dai)商業及公用建筑(zhu)(例(li)如(ru)寫(xie)字、酒店(dian)、醫院、超市、機場)為(wei)實現(xian)節(jie)能減(jian)排、提升(sheng)管理效率、創造良好(hao)環境所采取的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)措施,已經比較普及。而(er)太(tai)(tai)陽能熱(re)利用在這些建筑(zhu)領域(yu)類型(xing)中起步較晚,因此樓宇(yu)自(zi)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(BAS)通常(chang)都沒(mei)有(you)包含太(tai)(tai)陽能熱(re)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。因此當其他的(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)被集(ji)成在BAS系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)平臺里,使管理人員非常(chang)便利地實現(xian)集(ji)中監管分散(san)控(kong)制時(shi)。卻不(bu)得(de)不(bu)到(dao)另外(wai)(wai)一個物理空間,單獨去查看(kan)和操作(zuo)太(tai)(tai)陽能熱(re)水(shui)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),很不(bu)方便,也很難(nan)做到(dao)與其他設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)配合協調。對于傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽能熱(re)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)控(kong)制柜來說,如(ru)果要(yao)(yao)把太(tai)(tai)陽能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也集(ji)成到(dao)BAS系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)里面,需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)弱(ruo)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)基于BAS系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進行(xing)太(tai)(tai)陽能控(kong)制邏輯的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序開(kai)發和集(ji)成,這對不(bu)懂太(tai)(tai)陽能熱(re)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)來說是個很大的(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰,弱(ruo)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)和太(tai)(tai)陽能工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)架構(gou)師(shi)(shi)從頭梳(shu)理,整(zheng)個過程(cheng)(cheng)非常(chang)繁瑣耗時(shi)。所以,如(ru)果有(you)能支持樓宇(yu)自(zi)控(kong)協議的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽能工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),這個問(wen)題就迎刃而(er)解。
二、新型控(kong)制柜技(ji)術(shu)介紹
針(zhen)對上(shang)述種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)求(qiu),出(chu)現了(le)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)基于Niagara平臺開(kai)發出(chu)的(de)自帶(dai)網絡服(fu)務器(qi)(WEBSever)的(de)太陽能控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)柜,它(ta)具有遠程控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功能,用戶通過在瀏覽器(qi)上(shang)輸入IP地(di)址就可以在異(yi)地(di)訪問熱水工(gong)程控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)界面并進行操(cao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)。同時它(ta)支持市面上(shang)主流樓控(kong)(kong)(kong)品牌的(de)通信(xin)協議,如(ru)BACnet/Lonworks/KNX/Modbus等,能夠很容易的(de)把太陽能工(gong)程系統操(cao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)界面植(zhi)入樓控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統中,進行統一(yi)(yi)管(guan)理和操(cao)作。
下面(mian)我們對這種產(chan)品(pin)與市面(mian)上現(xian)有的(de)同(tong)類功(gong)能的(de)產(chan)品(pin)技術做(zuo)一個分析比較,使太陽(yang)能工程(cheng)業主更好的(de)選(xuan)擇合(he)適的(de)產(chan)品(pin)。
1、遠程監控功(gong)能
目(mu)前市(shi)場(chang)(chang)上能夠實現(xian)(xian)遠(yuan)程(cheng)監控(kong)(kong)功能的(de)(de)太(tai)陽能控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)柜主要是采(cai)用云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器的(de)(de)方式,即在現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)有一臺(tai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)柜,控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)柜對現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)設(she)備進(jin)行(xing)管控(kong)(kong),同時收集相關的(de)(de)數據(ju),然后通(tong)(tong)過(guo)網(wang)絡將其傳送(song)到位(wei)于異地的(de)(de)云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器,并執行(xing)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器發出的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling),與服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器進(jin)行(xing)雙相交(jiao)匯(hui)。通(tong)(tong)常一臺(tai)云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器能夠支持多臺(tai)位(wei)于設(she)備現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)終端(duan),即控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)柜。需要遠(yuan)程(cheng)監控(kong)(kong)熱(re)水工程(cheng)的(de)(de)客戶可以通(tong)(tong)過(guo)連(lian)接(jie)網(wang)絡的(de)(de)電腦訪問這臺(tai)云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器查看現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)設(she)備運行(xing)狀態,并通(tong)(tong)過(guo)云(yun)(yun)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)器給現(xian)(xian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)柜下(xia)達指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)。
而采用新(xin)型技(ji)術(shu)的(de)太陽能(neng)遠(yuan)程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)柜(ju)與云服務(wu)模式最大的(de)區別(bie)在于,它的(de)現(xian)場控(kong)制(zhi)柜(ju)里(li)自(zi)帶網絡服務(wu)器(WebServer),無(wu)需借助任何第三(san)方的(de)服務(wu)器。用戶遠(yuan)程(cheng)訪問就是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)臺位(wei)于現(xian)場的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)柜(ju)。圖(tu)1、圖(tu)2是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)種兩種模式的(de)系統架構。
現(xian)在我(wo)們從應用特(te)點、適用的客戶群、以及設備造(zao)價(jia)三(san)個面(mian)對這兩種系統(tong)進行分(fen)析。
1)從應(ying)用特點(dian)上來看(kan),二者都能(neng)(neng)夠實現(xian)遠(yuan)程(cheng)控制。但是(shi)云(yun)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)是(shi)一(yi)臺(tai)公用服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)支持多臺(tai)遠(yuan)程(cheng)控制終端,由于(yu)太陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)架構(gou)形式(shi)千差萬別(bie),所以(yi)云(yun)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)里的(de)組態軟(ruan)(ruan)件需要有(you)(you)(you)各種的(de)邏輯形式(shi)和工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)界面與之相對應(ying),但這(zhe)顯然是(shi)難以(yi)做到的(de)。因此如果使用云(yun)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)進行遠(yuan)程(cheng)監控,熱(re)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)集成商(shang)只能(neng)(neng)采用組態軟(ruan)(ruan)件中(zhong)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)邏輯控制模式(shi)進行工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)架構(gou),這(zhe)對普(pu)通的(de)熱(re)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)可(ke)行,但對復雜系統和有(you)(you)(you)特殊(shu)要求的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)來說(shuo),是(shi)不能(neng)(neng)滿足(zu)要求的(de)。
而這種采用新技術的(de)控制柜(ju)的(de)服務器是(shi)該工程獨享的(de),完全(quan)可以根據現場工程的(de)需(xu)(xu)求對組態軟件進(jin)行(xing)二(er)次更改,以滿足工程架構的(de)需(xu)(xu)求。
2)從適用的(de)(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)(hu)群來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo),云服(fu)(fu)(fu)務更(geng)適合那些大型(xing)并(bing)(bing)主推自(zi)有(you)品牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)太陽能(neng)生產廠(chang)家(jia),因為建立(li)一套完(wan)整云服(fu)(fu)(fu)務系(xi)統投(tou)資巨大,對(dui)硬件要(yao)求比較高(gao),例如需要(yao)高(gao)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務器(qi)以(yi)滿足多個用戶(hu)(hu)同時(shi)訪問,并(bing)(bing)輔(fu)以(yi)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)寬,同時(shi)要(yao)有(you)合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務器(qi)機房。在(zai)軟件上,需要(yao)有(you)開(kai)發組態軟件能(neng)力(li),并(bing)(bing)且能(neng)夠(gou)定(ding)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)新、升級。此外(wai),公司需要(yao)有(you)專人對(dui)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務器(qi)進(jin)行管理和(he)維護,以(yi)保證一個穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)云服(fu)(fu)(fu)務器(qi)平(ping)臺(tai),平(ping)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)能(neng)力(li),對(dui)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)能(neng)力(li)有(you)至關重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響力(li)。這(zhe)些要(yao)求顯(xian)然對(dui)中小型(xing)太陽能(neng)廠(chang)家(jia)和(he)工程(cheng)集成商來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)是不現實的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
而這種新(xin)型控制柜自(zi)帶服(fu)務(wu)器,無需第(di)三方的(de)大型云服(fu)務(wu)器支持。只(zhi)要一(yi)個控制柜,就能滿(man)足所有(you)的(de)要求。這對不具備自(zi)行開發云服(fu)務(wu)模式的(de)能力和沒有(you)專人去維護(hu)服(fu)務(wu)器的(de)中小太陽能廠家和以及不代理固定品牌的(de)太陽能工程集成商(shang)來說,是一(yi)個非(fei)常好的(de)選擇。
此外,在(zai)(zai)我(wo)們接觸的(de)太陽能熱水(shui)工(gong)程中,有一些客戶,他們對(dui)熱水(shui)消耗(hao)情況等(deng)(deng)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)保密(mi)性要(yao)(yao)求很高(gao),例如化工(gong)、印染、制藥、食品加(jia)工(gong)等(deng)(deng),因為(wei)熱水(shui)是這類(lei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)生產要(yao)(yao)素,消耗(hao)量(liang)的(de)多少(shao)直接涉(she)及(ji)到(dao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)商業(ye)機密(mi)。云服(fu)務(wu)的(de)模式需要(yao)(yao)把相關的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)儲存在(zai)(zai)第三(san)方的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫里,多少(shao)存在(zai)(zai)安(an)全隱(yin)含。而(er)這款自(zi)帶服(fu)務(wu)器的(de)控制柜,使(shi)所有數(shu)(shu)據(ju)存儲在(zai)(zai)業(ye)主(zhu)現場,安(an)全性更(geng)可靠。
此外,對(dui)于EMC項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)來(lai)說,數據信息的(de)公正性和安全(quan)(quan)性對(dui)于使(shi)用(yong)方和投資方都非(fei)常(chang)關鍵(jian)。每(mei)個(ge)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)使(shi)用(yong)獨立的(de)服務(wu)器(qi)和相應的(de)管理軟件,能(neng)夠避(bi)免使(shi)用(yong)公用(yong)服務(wu)器(qi)而帶來(lai)的(de)不便(bian)與安全(quan)(quan)隱患。
3)從(cong)(cong)整套系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)入來(lai)說,如果只是(shi)單(dan)個控制(zhi)末端(duan),云(yun)(yun)(yun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)柜(ju)(ju)由于不帶服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)器(qi)(qi),成(cheng)本會略低一些,但是(shi)從(cong)(cong)整個云(yun)(yun)(yun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統架構來(lai)看,包(bao)括(kuo)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)維護,這個成(cheng)本是(shi)很高的(de)(de)(de),對于安裝(zhuang)了云(yun)(yun)(yun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)遠程控制(zhi)柜(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)來(lai)說,服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)是(shi)沒有免費(fei)的(de)(de)(de),客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統只要在云(yun)(yun)(yun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)器(qi)(qi)中存續,就需要連續向云(yun)(yun)(yun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)供(gong)應商支付服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)費(fei)用,而且客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)對服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)收取沒有任何議(yi)價(jia)能力。
而(er)這種(zhong)新型(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)柜無需后端(duan)架構(gou),現場(chang)安裝結束后,沒有(you)(you)后續(xu)投(tou)資和(he)收費,因此對(dui)中(zhong)小(xiao)廠家和(he)工程集成(cheng)(cheng)商來說更具(ju)成(cheng)(cheng)本優勢(shi)除了上述的(de)(de)(de)遠程監(jian)控(kong)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)外,這款新型(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)系統還具(ju)有(you)(you)非常強大的(de)(de)(de)多能(neng)(neng)(neng)源綜合管(guan)理功能(neng)(neng)(neng),不(bu)僅僅是對(dui)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光熱設備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理,同(tong)時(shi)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)對(dui)輔助能(neng)(neng)(neng)源或者聯合使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他能(neng)(neng)(neng)源進行(xing)管(guan)理。例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru)在太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱水工程中(zhong),我們通(tong)常會同(tong)時(shi)配備(bei)(bei)(bei)輔助加(jia)熱設備(bei)(bei)(bei),其(qi)中(zhong)既(ji)有(you)(you)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源范疇的(de)(de)(de)空氣源熱泵熱水器(qi)、地源熱泵,也(ye)有(you)(you)傳(chuan)(chuan)統設備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)利用模式,例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru)利用中(zhong)央(yang)空調和(he)冷凍機組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)熱回(hui)收,同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)會有(you)(you)傳(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)氣鍋爐、燃(ran)油(you)鍋爐和(he)電(dian)鍋爐等設備(bei)(bei)(bei)。這些設備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)工作環境、制(zhi)熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)力和(he)所耗費能(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本差異很(hen)大,而(er)且會根據地區(qu)不(bu)同(tong)、業主單位性質不(bu)同(tong)、使(shi)用時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)同(tong),有(you)(you)所變化。這款新型(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)柜能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠綜合考慮上述因素,通(tong)過復雜的(de)(de)(de)算法(fa),協(xie)調各種(zhong)設備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)時(shi)間(jian)和(he)運行(xing)狀態及(ji)所需要達到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo),從而(er)使(shi)整(zheng)個系統在滿足業主方需求的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下,使(shi)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)、空氣能(neng)(neng)(neng)等最大限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)利用,而(er)傳(chuan)(chuan)統能(neng)(neng)(neng)源及(ji)高成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源最小(xiao)限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用,以達到(dao)最佳的(de)(de)(de)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)果(guo)。
舉個(ge)例子,太陽能設備工(gong)作(zuo)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽光輻照度,而空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)能熱泵工(gong)作(zuo)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)有(you)適(shi)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)才(cai)能達到較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)能效比。這(zhe)二者(zhe)都(dou)與環境有(you)緊密的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)系。如何對滿足第二天(tian)(tian)(tian)所需(xu)(xu)熱水的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量來源(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)配,太陽能供(gong)多(duo)少,空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)能供(gong)多(duo)少,傳統(tong)(tong)能源(yuan)又(you)供(gong)多(duo)少,分(fen)別在什(shen)么(me)供(gong),都(dou)是(shi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)通過分(fen)析(xi)和(he)計算(suan)(suan)來安排(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)為用熱水的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間段有(you)要(yao)求,而且空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)源(yuan)熱泵開(kai)(kai)啟時間有(you)峰谷電價的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)別。這(zhe)款新型產品中的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)分(fen)析(xi)特色是(shi),綜合(he)分(fen)析(xi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)情況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史數(shu)(shu)據并(bing)與實(shi)(shi)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)預報(bao)以及(ji)現場(chang)(chang)監測(ce)情況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)比對和(he)計算(suan)(suan),從而得出(chu)最(zui)佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備開(kai)(kai)啟關閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間和(he)運行(xing)工(gong)況(kuang)。我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)會(hui)涵蓋到近幾年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史環境數(shu)(shu)據,例如光照、環境氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)等(deng),同時系統(tong)(tong)會(hui)經過網絡(luo)自(zi)動(dong)從天(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)預報(bao)信息提供(gong)商(shang)抓取相關信息,并(bing)結合(he)現場(chang)(chang)實(shi)(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)探(tan)測(ce)裝(zhuang)置自(zi)動(dong)綜合(he)優化分(fen)析(xi)后安排(pai)(pai)設備工(gong)作(zuo)情況(kuang)實(shi)(shi)現成本效益最(zui)大(da)(da)化。同時,這(zhe)套系統(tong)(tong)引入了(le)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)學習功能,用戶在使(shi)用了(le)一(yi)段時間后,系統(tong)(tong)會(hui)根據用戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用習慣自(zi)動(dong)調(diao)整邏輯(ji)控(kong)制。自(zi)適(shi)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟件(jian)算(suan)(suan)法能科學確定(ding)設備啟停,參數(shu)(shu)優化,以達到最(zui)大(da)(da)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)節能減排(pai)(pai),幫助客(ke)戶實(shi)(shi)現利益最(zui)大(da)(da)化。
此外,該設備數(shu)(shu)據處理(li)功能(neng)也是一大亮點(dian):具有很強的數(shu)(shu)據收集(ji)、處理(li)、分析(xi)能(neng)力,能(neng)夠對(dui)(dui)整個(ge)系統的節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減排數(shu)(shu)據進行(xing)綜合分析(xi)、對(dui)(dui)比,形成天、周、月、年的數(shu)(shu)據報告,并進行(xing)曲(qu)線圖(tu)、柱狀圖(tu)、餅圖(tu)的多能(neng)源(yuan)占比分析(xi),及時地把節(jie)(jie)能(neng)、耗能(neng)情況(kuang)反映給(gei)使(shi)用(yong)單位,以指導使(shi)用(yong)單位的節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減排。圖(tu)3~圖(tu)5(能(neng)耗、數(shu)(shu)據、分析(xi)圖(tu))。
合同能源管理(EMC)是近年來節(jie)(jie)能減排市(shi)場中非常流行的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)操作(zuo)模式,在太(tai)陽(yang)能大型熱(re)水工程(cheng)中頗受業(ye)主(zhu)單位的(de)(de)(de)青睞,許多太(tai)陽(yang)能廠家(jia)和(he)(he)集(ji)成(cheng)商們都(dou)有(you)(you)涉及這類(lei)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。EMC模式非常關鍵的(de)(de)(de)一點(dian)是需要對(dui)(dui)節(jie)(jie)能量有(you)(you)精(jing)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)量,同時(shi)(shi)能夠(gou)很直觀的(de)(de)(de)表現出來,同時(shi)(shi)能夠(gou)準(zhun)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)轉化(hua)成(cheng)財務(wu)(wu)(wu)數據。同時(shi)(shi)它預(yu)置了多種(zhong)EMC統(tong)計(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)工具(ju),能夠(gou)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)、按日、周、月、年分(fen)(fen)階段和(he)(he)不同的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度實(shi)(shi)現節(jie)(jie)能統(tong)計(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)財務(wu)(wu)(wu)收益統(tong)計(ji)(ji)。同時(shi)(shi)也可以根據具(ju)體項目的(de)(de)(de)財務(wu)(wu)(wu)統(tong)計(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)收益分(fen)(fen)配方式對(dui)(dui)軟件(jian)進行定制(zhi)化(hua)調整,以滿(man)足具(ju)體項目的(de)(de)(de)要求。此外,對(dui)(dui)系統(tong)集(ji)成(cheng)商和(he)(he)EMC項目的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資方來說,可以最大程(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)減少進行現場抄錄、統(tong)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)人力投(tou)入,并保證數據的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)確(que)(que)性和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)性。
2、與樓宇自控系統(BAS)集成(cheng)
如之(zhi)前(qian)在行(xing)業背景中(zhong)所(suo)述,把太(tai)陽能(neng)熱水(shui)(shui)工程管理系統集成(cheng)在樓宇自控系統中(zhong)已經成(cheng)為眾(zhong)多高端寫字樓、賓館酒店、超市、醫(yi)院等(deng)單(dan)位在考(kao)慮(lv)安裝太(tai)陽能(neng)熱水(shui)(shui)工程時(shi)的(de)必要考(kao)慮(lv)條件。而傳統的(de)無論是單(dan)片(pian)機還是PLC類型的(de)控制柜(ju)無法做到這一點。
這個(ge)新型控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)柜(ju)基于Niagara技(ji)術平臺,采用(yong)樓(lou)(lou)宇自控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)所需的(de)DDC控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)模塊做核(he)心(xin),能夠兼容(rong)目前樓(lou)(lou)控(kong)(kong)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)所有主(zhu)流協議:BACnet/Lonworks/KNX/Modbus等(deng),使太陽能系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)能夠十分容(rong)易(yi)的(de)整(zheng)體嵌入(ru)到樓(lou)(lou)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中,與暖通空調(HVAC)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)、照明系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)、安全防范、消(xiao)防、電梯系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)和(he)其(qi)他系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)出現在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)界面(mian),統(tong)一(yi)操控(kong)(kong)管理(li)(li)(li),從而幫助(zhu)設施管理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員、建筑業(ye)主(zhu)以及系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)集成(cheng)商(shang),進行(xing)同(tong)步、準確、最優化的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),也(ye)實現了節能減(jian)排的(de)最大化。在(zai)物理(li)(li)(li)連接上也(ye)非常簡單,只需一(yi)根網線(xian)把太陽能控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)柜(ju)與樓(lou)(lou)控(kong)(kong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)柜(ju)連在(zai)一(yi)起即可。見圖6自控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)圖。
三(san)、展望(wang)
太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱水(shui)工程在(zai)(zai)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排領域(yu)有(you)(you)著許多(duo)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢,但由(you)于歷史原(yuan)因(yin)和(he)(he)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)起步(bu)基(ji)點不高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局限,這(zhe)一(yi)具有(you)(you)巨(ju)大(da)(da)發展(zhan)空間(jian)且(qie)巨(ju)大(da)(da)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)收(shou)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品一(yi)直徘(pai)徊在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個(ge)較低端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)層次(ci)上。盡管(guan)產(chan)品已經(jing)從家用(yong)過度到商業(ye)項目使(shi)(shi)用(yong)上,但是它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)還遠(yuan)遠(yuan)不足,至于在(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)生巨(ju)大(da)(da)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工業(ye)項目利用(yong)上還非常少見。這(zhe)里(li)既(ji)有(you)(you)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)備(bei)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)限制,也有(you)(you)工程設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)控制管(guan)理方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不完善,使(shi)(shi)得一(yi)些單位和(he)(he)用(yong)戶對使(shi)(shi)用(yong)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱水(shui)工程系統仍(reng)持有(you)(you)懷疑態度。這(zhe)個(ge)采用(yong)跨行(xing)(xing)業(ye)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新型控制柜(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面世,將通過提升太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱水(shui)工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟實力和(he)(he)增強人性(xing)化因(yin)素,來使(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱水(shui)工程領域(yu)向著更(geng)高(gao)效利用(yong),更(geng)廣泛使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向邁進。
文章編輯:重慶監控 網址://hjcom.net.cn
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